# Scprits

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```python
>>> import string #thư viện

>>> string.ascii_letters
'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'

>>> string.ascii_lowercase
'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'

>>> string.ascii_uppercase
'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'

>>> string.digits
'0123456789'

>>> string.hexdigits
'0123456789abcdefABCDEF'

>>> string.octdigits
'01234567'

>>> string.punctuation
'!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~'

>>> string.whitespace
' \t\n\r\x0b\x0c'

>>> string.printable   #bao gồm tất cả các loại trên
'0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~ \t\n\r\x0b\x0c'
```

{% endcode %}

```python
# chuyển từ các số string thành int
>>> grades = ["82", "84", "71", "64", "66"]
>>> new_grades = [int(g) for g in grades] # nếu string là hex thì int(g, 16)...
>>> print(new_grades)
[82, 84, 71, 64, 66]

```

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```python
>>> import base64
>>> from binascii import unhexlify
>>> hex = unhexlify('72bca9b68fc16ac7beeb8f849dca1d8a783e8acf9679bf9269f7bf')
>>> hex
b'r\xbc\xa9\xb6\x8f\xc1j\xc7\xbe\xeb\x8f\x84\x9d\xca\x1d\x8ax>\x8a\xcf\x96y\xbf\x92i\xf7\xbf'
>>> flag = base64.b64encode(hex)
>>> flag
b'crypto/Base+64+Encoding+is+Web+Safe/'
```

{% endcode %}

{% code overflow="wrap" lineNumbers="true" %}

```python
# zip() trả về đối tượng zip được ghép nối 2 biến với nhau
for b1, b2 in zip(input, key):
        output += bytes([b1 ^ b2])
```

{% endcode %}

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```python
# to reverse the string
>>> str = "anh"
>>> str[::-1]
'hna'

# kí tự cuối cùng
>>> str[-1]
'h'

# list to string
>>> lst = ("f", "l", "a", "g")
>>> x = "".join(lst)
>>> print(x)
flag

```

{% endcode %}

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```python
# để xóa màn hình shell trong python
>>> import os
>>> os.system('cls')
```

{% endcode %}

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

```python
# bytes to string
>>> b = b"Lets grab a \xf0\x9f\x8d\x95!"
>>> type(b)
<class 'bytes'>
>>> s = b.decode('utf-8')
>>> s
'Lets grab a 🍕!'
```

{% endcode %}

## Input data

```python
strings = str(input("Input strings: "))
num = int(input("Input num integer: "))
num_float = float(input("Input num float: "))
print(num,strings,num_float)
```

## Create File

```python
with open('name_file.txt', 'w') as f:
    f.write('test')

lines = ['1','2','3']
with open('name_file1.txt', 'w') as f:
    for line in lines:
        f.write(line)
        f.write('\n')

more_lines = ['add', 'the end']
with open('name_file2.txt','a') as f:
    f.write('\n'.join(more_lines))
    
f = open('name_file3.txt' , 'r')
print(f.read())
```

## Class

```python
class animal:
    atributo1 = "a1"
    atributo2 = "a2"
    
    def funcao(self)"
        print(self.atributo1)
        print(self.atributo2)
nomeanimal = animal()
print(nomeanimal.atributo2)
```

## Exception

```python
a = 12
b = 0
try: y = a/b
print(y)
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print('...')
```


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